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<meta name="description" content="说明 sed是一种流编辑器。它能够完美地结合正则表达式使用，它的工作模式是采取逐行处理的方式。处理时，把当前处理的行存储在临时缓冲区，称为“模式空间”（pattern space)，接着利用sed命令处理缓冲区的内容，处理完成后，把缓冲区的内容送往屏幕；然后同样的方式处理下一行，直至文件末尾。默认情况下，文本内容并不做更改。  它是linux文本处理命令中最常用的命令之一,有人把 grep | s">
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<meta property="og:description" content="说明 sed是一种流编辑器。它能够完美地结合正则表达式使用，它的工作模式是采取逐行处理的方式。处理时，把当前处理的行存储在临时缓冲区，称为“模式空间”（pattern space)，接着利用sed命令处理缓冲区的内容，处理完成后，把缓冲区的内容送往屏幕；然后同样的方式处理下一行，直至文件末尾。默认情况下，文本内容并不做更改。  它是linux文本处理命令中最常用的命令之一,有人把 grep | s">
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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">sed指令</h1>
        

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        <h3 id="说明"><a href="#说明" class="headerlink" title="说明"></a>说明</h3><ul>
<li><p>sed是一种流编辑器。它能够完美地结合正则表达式使用，它的工作模式是采取逐行处理的方式。处理时，把当前处理的行存储在临时缓冲区，称为“模式空间”（pattern space)，接着利用sed命令处理缓冲区的内容，处理完成后，把缓冲区的内容送往屏幕；然后同样的方式处理下一行，直至文件末尾。默认情况下，文本内容并不做更改。</p>
</li>
<li><p>它是linux文本处理命令中最常用的命令之一,有人把 grep | sed | awk 合称为linux文本处理三剑客。</p>
</li>
<li><p>sed的匹配用法是 pattern command的形式，即前面是匹配规则，后面对应处理命令。常用匹配的规则有7种；处理命令有很多，可分为“增删改查”四类。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="常用用法"><a href="#常用用法" class="headerlink" title="常用用法"></a>常用用法</h3><ul>
<li>-n  仅显示处理后的结果（sed默认会把源文件输出）。</li>
<li>-i  将替换后的结果替换到文件中（比较常用）</li>
<li>-e  使用-e可拼接多个规则</li>
<li>-r  支持使用扩展正则表达式</li>
<li>-f  指定文件，使用文件内容作为处理规则。每行做为一个规则</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="pattern详解"><a href="#pattern详解" class="headerlink" title="pattern详解"></a>pattern详解</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>匹配模式</th>
<th>含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>10command</td>
<td>匹配第10行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10,20command</td>
<td>从第10行开始，到第20行结束</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10,+5command</td>
<td>从第10行开始，到第16行结束</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>/pattern1/command</td>
<td>匹配到pattern1的行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10,/pattern1/command</td>
<td>从第10行开始，匹配到pattern1的行结束</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>/pattern1/,10command</td>
<td>匹配到pattern1的行开始，到第10行结束</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>/pattern1/,/patter2/command</td>
<td>匹配到pattern1开始，到匹配pattern2的行结束</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>例子：</p>
<pre><code>p(command) 代表print 打印。

sed -n &quot;10p&quot; file.txt

sed -n &quot;10,15p&quot; file.txt

sed -n &quot;10, +5p&quot; file.txt

sed -n &quot;/^root/p&quot; file.txt

sed -n &quot;10,/^root/p&quot; file.txt

sed -n &quot;/^root/,10p&quot; file.txt

sed -n &quot;/^root/,/login/p&quot; file.txt</code></pre><p>建议把/etc/passwd文件复制到练习目录进行练习</p>
<h3 id="Command-编辑命令详解"><a href="#Command-编辑命令详解" class="headerlink" title="Command 编辑命令详解"></a>Command 编辑命令详解</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类别</th>
<th>编辑命令</th>
<th>含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>查询</td>
<td>p</td>
<td>打印</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>=</td>
<td>只显示符合匹配规则的行号</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>增加</td>
<td>a</td>
<td>行后追加</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>i</td>
<td>行前插入</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>r</td>
<td>外部文件读入，行后追加</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>w</td>
<td>匹配行写入外部文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>删除</td>
<td>d</td>
<td>删除</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>修改</td>
<td>s/old/new/</td>
<td>将行内的第一个old替换成new</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>s/old/new/g</td>
<td>将行内的所有old替换成new</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>s/old/new/2</td>
<td>将行内第二个old替换成new</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>s/old/new/2g</td>
<td>将行内第二个开始的old都替换成new</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>s/old/new/ig</td>
<td>将行内的所有old替换成new，不区分大小写</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>反向引用：</p>
<p><strong>&amp;和\1</strong> 均表示引用模式匹配到的整个串</p>
<p>比如我想把匹配到的love替换成loves,下面两个均可实现：</p>
<p><code>sed &quot;s/l..e/&amp;s/g&quot; file</code></p>
<p><code>sed &quot;/\(l..e\)/\1s/g&quot; file</code></p>
<p>这两个命令的区别是&amp;只能表示匹配到的完整字符串，只能引用整个字符串；而\1可以使用() 对匹配到的字符串部分进行引用。\1使用起来更灵活一些。</p>
<hr>
<p>练习：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">有一个测试文本test.txt，内容如下：</span><br><span class="line">I love shell love love love love</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I love Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">另一个文件 test2.txt</span><br><span class="line">blog.linuxfun.cn</span><br><span class="line">blog.tobebest.top</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed -n &quot;&#x2F;love&#x2F;p&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love shell love love love love</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I love Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed -n &quot;&#x2F;love&#x2F;&#x3D;&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed  &quot;&#x2F;SHELL&#x2F;a abc&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love shell love love love love</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">abc</span><br><span class="line">I love Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed  &quot;&#x2F;SHELL&#x2F;i abc&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love shell love love love love</span><br><span class="line">abc</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I love Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed &quot;&#x2F;SHELL&#x2F;r test2.txt&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love shell love love love love</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">blog.linuxfun.cn</span><br><span class="line">blog.tobebest.top</span><br><span class="line">I love Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">写入外部文件时会覆盖文本原内容</span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ cat test3.txt</span><br><span class="line">aaaaaaaaaaa</span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed -n  &quot;&#x2F;SHELL&#x2F;w test3.txt&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ cat test3.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed  &quot;s&#x2F;love&#x2F;like&#x2F;&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I like shell love love love love</span><br><span class="line">I like SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I like Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed  &quot;s&#x2F;love&#x2F;like&#x2F;g&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I like shell like like like like</span><br><span class="line">I like SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I like Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed  &quot;s&#x2F;love&#x2F;like&#x2F;2&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love shell like love love love</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I love Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed  &quot;s&#x2F;love&#x2F;like&#x2F;2g&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love shell like like like like</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I love Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed  &quot;s&#x2F;shell&#x2F;SHELL&#x2F;ig&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL love love love love</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">反向引用：</span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed -n &quot;s&#x2F;shell&#x2F;&amp;s&#x2F;g;p&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love shells love love love love</span><br><span class="line">I love SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I love Shell</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed -n &quot;s&#x2F;shell&#x2F;&amp;s&#x2F;g&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed -n &quot;s&#x2F;shell&#x2F;&amp;s&#x2F;gp&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I love shells love love love love</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ sed -n &quot;s&#x2F;l\(ov\)e&#x2F;a\1b&#x2F;gp&quot; test.txt</span><br><span class="line">I aovb shell aovb aovb aovb aovb</span><br><span class="line">I aovb SHELL</span><br><span class="line">I aovb Shell</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h3 id="测验"><a href="#测验" class="headerlink" title="测验"></a>测验</h3><p>1、打印/etc/passwd中第6行的内容</p>
<p>2、打印/etc/passwd中第5行开始，10行结束的内容</p>
<p>3、打印/etc/passwd中第5行开始，+5行的内容</p>
<p>4、打印/etc/passwd中开头匹配root的行</p>
<p>5、打印/etc/passwd中以root开头的行开始，到mail开头的行中间的行</p>
<p>6、打印/etc/passwd中第8行开始的行，到含有/sbin/nologin的内容行结束的内容</p>
<p>7、打印/etc/passwd中第一个包含/bin/bash内容开始的行，到第五行结束内容的行</p>
<p>8、脚本练习：</p>
<p>处理一个类似mysql配置文件my.cnf的文本，编写脚本实现 输出文件有几个配置项 （[]中的部分）；每个配置项下面有几条配置参数。示例如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[zhq@VM_0_2_centos sed]$ cat &#x2F;etc&#x2F;my.cnf</span><br><span class="line">[client]</span><br><span class="line">#password	&#x3D; your_password</span><br><span class="line">port		&#x3D; 3306</span><br><span class="line">socket		&#x3D; &#x2F;tmp&#x2F;mysql.sock</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[mysqld]</span><br><span class="line">port		&#x3D; 3306</span><br><span class="line">socket		&#x3D; &#x2F;tmp&#x2F;mysql.sock</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>输出示例：配置项 client 2</p>

      
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